Next Steps To Consider
This information is intended to be educational and is not tailored to the investment needs of any specific investor.
Recently enacted legislation made a number of changes to the rules regarding defined contribution, defined benefit, and/or individual retirement plans and 529 plans. Information herein may refer to or be based on certain rules in effect prior to this legislation and current rules may differ. As always, before making any decisions about your retirement planning or withdrawals, you should consult with your personal tax advisor.
Fidelity does not provide legal or tax advice. The information herein is general and educational in nature and should not be considered legal or tax advice. Tax laws and regulations are complex and subject to change, which can materially impact investment results. Fidelity cannot guarantee that the information herein is accurate, complete, or timely. Fidelity makes no warranties with regard to such information or results obtained by its use, and disclaims any liability arising out of your use of, or any tax position taken in reliance on, such information. Consult an attorney or tax professional regarding your specific situation.
Be sure to consider all your available options and the applicable fees and features of each before moving your retirement assets.
Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC, Member NYSE, SIPC, 900 Salem Street, Smithfield, RI 02917
Considerations For Owners Of Roth Iras
Distributions from a Roth IRA are qualified, and thus tax-free and penalty-free, provided that the 5-year aging requirement has been satisfied and at least one of the following conditions has been met:
- You reach age 59½
- You are disabled
- You make a qualified first-time home purchase
All other distributions are non-qualified. Non-qualified distributions of converted balances are not taxed again , but they may be subjected to a 10% penalty unless its been at least five years since the beginning of the year of your conversion, youve reached age 59½, or one of the other exceptions applies.
RMDs are not required during the lifetime of the original owner of a Roth IRA. RMD amounts are not eligible to be converted to a Roth IRA.
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Rolling Over Your 401 To An Ira
You have the most control and the most choice if you own an IRA. IRAs typically offer a much wider array of investment options than 401s, unless you work for a company with a very high-quality planusually the big, Fortune 500 firms.
Some 401 plans only have a half dozen funds to choose from, and some companies strongly encourage participants to invest heavily in the companys stock. Many 401 plans are also funded with variable annuity contracts that provide a layer of insurance protection for the assets in the plan at a cost to the participants that often run as much as 3% per year. IRA fees tend to run cheaper depending on which custodian and which investments you choose.
With a small handful of exceptions, IRAs allow virtually any asset, including:
If youre willing to set up a self-directed IRA, even some alternative investments like oil and gas leases, physical property, and commodities can be purchased within these accounts.
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You Can Roll Your Ira Investments Over Into A 401
If you have investments in one or more IRAs and are starting a new job with an employer that offers a 401 plan, an important question may well arise: Should you move your assets from your IRA into your new 401?
Though the question is a logical one, it rarely arises because IRA rollovers generally move in the opposite direction, with investors transferring their 401 assets to an IRA when they leave a job or want to take advantage of the investment freedom an IRA offers. Nevertheless, there can be some good reasons to move your IRAs into your companys 401. In this article, well look at the pros and cons of this maneuver.
What About The Roth 401k
If your employer offers a Roth 401k and you were savvy enough to take part, the path to a rollover will be much easier. When youre converting one Roth product to another, there is simply no need for conversion. You would simply roll the Roth 401 directly into the Roth IRA with the help of your plan provider.
Roll Your 401 by Following These Steps
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When Not To Transfer To An Ira
You now know some of the benefits of moving your 401 to an IRA. But control over your money isnt the only thing that matters, and you may have other priorities. Its impossible to list every potential pitfall, but here are just a few examples of when I suggest that clients might want to leave funds with their employer.
Between age 55 and 59.5
When youre at least 55 years oldbut not yet 59 1/2 years oldyou might want to leave at least some of your money in the 401 plan. 401s allow you to pull money out without penalty after age 55 . IRAs, on the other hand, require that you wait until age 59 ½ to avoid an early-withdrawal penalty of 10% on certain distributions. There are always exceptions and workarounds, but those are the basic rules. If you intend to spend your 401 savings between the ages of 55 and 59 1/2, keep this in mind before making a transfer.
Some Government Workers
If you worked for a federal, state, or local government, be sure to explore your options. Those with 457 plans can potentially avoid the early-withdrawal penalty thats commonly associated with 401 and similar plans. Plus, some public safety workers can avoid early withdrawal penalties from a retirement planincluding the TSPas early as age 50.
Roth Conversions
RMD While Working
Stable Value Offerings
Fees and Expenses
NUA Opportunities
What If I Have Employer Stock In My Employer
You can choose to roll company stock into an IRA or a taxable brokerage account. If you decide to roll the stock to an IRA, its full value will be taxed as income at your regular rate if you move the stock to a taxable brokerage account, you might be able to save money by paying capital gains taxes on the difference between the stocks value and the price you paid for it. There are tax benefits to each, so consult your tax advisor and ask about the net unrealized appreciation strategy.
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You Want To Increase Your Tax Diversification
Contributions to traditional IRAs are tax-advantaged, meaning you wont pay taxes on your invested funds until you begin taking withdrawals at retirement. Roth IRAs, on the other hand, are taxed up front but offer tax-free withdrawals after age 59 ½. If youre unsure how your tax and income situation might pan out in the future, having both types of accounts a traditional IRA and a Roth IRA is a smart move in terms of diversifying your future tax exposure.
How To Transfer From Your 401 To An Ira
When youre ready to make the transfer, you need to do three things:
I often help clients prepare these requests and do a three-way call with them , making it quick and easy to get things done. But if you prefer, you can probably figure this out on your own.
Unfortunately, you typically have to go through your former employer or a vendor they use. With many 401 plans, you cannot request a transfer using paperwork from the receiving IRA custodian.
Who to Contact
If you work for a large company, you can most likely contact your 401 provider directly. For example, contact Fidelity, Vanguard, or whatever website you use to manage your account. Alternatively, call whoever prints your 401 statements. If you work for a small company, you may need to contact the human resources department, which might just be the person who hired you. Either way, you eventually need one of the following:
What to Say
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Avoid These Costly Mistakes When Rolling Over A 401 To An Ira
- Before you move your money, be sure you know the rules that differ between 401 plans and IRAs.
- If the rollover process is done incorrectly, it could be considered a distribution, which would make it subject to taxation and, possibly, an early withdrawal penalty.
- There are also some situations that call for caution before embarking on the rollover.
So you’ve left your job and want to move assets from your workplace savings plan to an individual retirement account.
You may want to pause before doing the rollover. If you’re not careful, you could make costly errors or lock yourself into a move that can’t be easily undone.
Both 401 plans and IRAs have the common purpose of letting you put away tax-advantaged savings for retirement. However, there are some rules that differ between the two. Even the rollover process itself can come with snags if you’re not careful.
More from Smart Tax Planning:
Here are some things to be aware of before initiating a rollover. These apply to traditional 401 plans and IRAs, whose contributions are generally made pre-tax.
Advantages Of Rolling Over Your 401
1. You can consolidate your 401 accounts
Especially if you change jobs often, you might find yourself with many 401 accounts scattered around. The more accounts you have, the harder it may be to actively make decisions. By having your retirement funds all in one place, you may be able to manage them more carefully.
2. Youll have more investment choices in an IRA
With your 401, you are restricted to the investment and account options that are offered in that plan. An IRA can give you a more diverse option of items to invest in. In an IRA you may be able to invest in individual stocks, bonds or other vehicles that may not be available in your 401.
You cant add to the 401 at your previous employer. But if you roll this money over into a traditional IRA, you can add to that traditional IRA over time, up to the annual maximum. Youll have to follow the IRA contribution guidelines.
3. Youll have the choice to bring the account anywhere youd like
With an IRA, you can take your money with you to any advisor, if you already have a financial advisor or financial planner that you work with, for example. Or maybe you already have a brokerage where some of your money is being managed, and you want all your funds there.
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Investing The Money In Your Ira
Once the money is rolled over into your new IRA account, select your investments.
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Index funds: You can put index funds in your IRA, which is a fund that aims to mirror the performance of a market index such as the S& P 500.
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ETFs: These investments often make sense for many people because theyre a basket of assets, such as stocks or bonds, that can be bought and sold during market trading hours. ETFs are a good way to diversify a portfolio.
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Stocks: Individual stocks are also an investment option for IRA accounts.
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Mutual funds: These are investments that combine money from investors to buy stocks, bonds, and other assets. Mutual funds are another way to create diversification in your portfolio.
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Real estate: You can hold real estate in your IRA, but you’ll need to do so by means of a self-directed IRA.
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Cryptocurrency: Bitcoin, Litecoin and Ethereum are all examples of alternative investments you can choose.
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Target-date funds: 401s often allocate money into target-date funds, which buy shares of other mutual funds with the goal of shifting investments automatically over time as you approach a specific date, such as retirement. If you like that approach, you probably can find a similar target-date fund for your IRA at an online broker.
Those who would rather automate the investing process can use a robo-advisor for this. When you open a new account at a robo-advisor, that robo-advisors algorithms usually will select your investments based on questions you answer.
Transferring Your 401 To Your Bank Account
You can also skip the IRA and just transfer your 401 savings to a bank account. For example, you might prefer to move funds directly to a checking or savings account with your bank or credit union. Thats typically an option when you stop working, but be aware that moving money to your checking or savings account may be considered a taxable distribution. As a result, you could owe income taxes, additional penalty taxes, and other complications could arise.
IRA first? If you need to spend all of the money soon, transferring from your 401 to a bank account could make sense. But theres another option: Move the funds to an IRA, and then transfer only what you need to your bank account. The transfer to an IRA is generally not a taxable event, and banks often offer IRAs, although the investment options may be limited. If you only need to spend a portion of your savings, you can leave the rest of your retirement money in the IRA, and you only pay taxes on the amount you distribute .
Again, moving funds directly to a checking or savings account typically means you pay 20% mandatory tax withholding. That might be more than you need or want. Most IRAs, even if theyre not at your bank, allow you to establish an electronic link and transfer funds to your bank easily.
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Rolling Over Your 401 Into An Ira Account Comes With Many Benefits
When you change jobs, you generally have four options for your 401 plan. One of the best options is doing a 401 rollover to an individual retirement account . The other options include cashing it outand pay taxes and a withdrawal penalty, leave it where it isif your ex-employer allows this, or transfer it into your new employer’s 401 planif one exists. For most people, rolling over a 401 for those in the public or nonprofit sector) is the best choice. This article explains why and how to go about it.
Where Should You Transfer Your 401
You have several options on what to do with your 401 savings after retirement or when you change jobs. For example, you can:
The right choice depends on your needs, and thats a choice everybody needs to make after evaluating all of the options.
Want help finding the right place for your retirement savings? Thats exactly what I do. As a fee-only fiduciary advisor, I can provide advice whether you prefer to pay a flat fee or youd like me to handle investment management for you, and I dont earn any commissions. To help with that decision, learn more about me or take a look at the Pricing page to see if it makes sense to talk. Theres no obligation to chat.
Important:The different rules that apply to 401 and IRA accounts are confusing. Discuss any transfers with a professional advisor before you make any decisions. This article is not tax advice, and you need to verify details with a CPA and your employers plan administrator. Likewise, only an attorney authorized to work in your state can provide guidance on legal matters. Approach Financial, Inc. does not provide tax or legal services. This information might not be applicable to your situation, it may be out of date, and it may contain errors and omissions.
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Ira Rollover Vs Transfer
Although both rollovers and transfers allow you to move your retirement savings from one financial institution to another, the process for each is different, and each have different rules.
A 401 rollover occurs when you move retirement funds from an employer-sponsored plan to an IRA this is why it’s also called a Rollover IRA. This option is typically chosen when an employee leaves a job and is no longer contributing to the employer-sponsored retirement plan.
A Transfer is when you move your IRA to another IRA at a different institution. In the case of a transfer, funds or assets are sent between institutions, from the previous custodian or trust company to the new one. This is not only the quickest, but also the best method of moving your IRA to a self-directed IRA.
What Happens If I Dont Make Any Election Regarding My Retirement Plan Distribution
The plan administrator must give you a written explanation of your rollover options for the distribution, including your right to have the distribution transferred directly to another retirement plan or to an IRA.
If youre no longer employed by the employer maintaining your retirement plan and your plan account is between $1,000 and $5,000, the plan administrator may deposit the money into an IRA in your name if you dont elect to receive the money or roll it over. If your plan account is $1,000 or less, the plan administrator may pay it to you, less, in most cases, 20% income tax withholding, without your consent. You can still roll over the distribution within 60 days.
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